In the first place there is five Ocean biomes which are the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean. The Biome of the Ocean is about 36,200 feet below grounds (deep). The largest Ocean in the Biome is the Pacific Ocean. Not to mention the Earth is covered by 71% ocean waters. The areas of the Ocean that are infrequently visited by people are the majority of the animals and plants that inhabit in the Ocean areas. In fact the majority of the protein that's very essentially to the human diet comes from the consumption of the fish from the Ocean. To point out the majority of the volcanic activity occurs in ocean waters.The Oceans ecosystem or Marine ecosystem is made up of a community of living and nonliving things found in a localized area in the Ocean. In the Oceans ecosystem and any other ecosystem the plant life and animals life are supporting one another and are depending on each other for there life cycle of ecosystems. The abiotic factors that affect the Ocean Biome An abiotic factors is non-living influenced by the worlds Oceans that include temperatures, sunlight, wind, and dissolve minerals. An biotic factors is fish, planktons, and Dolphins. Both abiotic and biotic factors affect local ecosystems but the biotic factors often determine the abiotic factors first. The factors that limit the type of life forms are able to live in Ocean environments that include temperatures, sunlight, pressure, oxygen concentration, and nutrients aviability because of many varied attributes in the Ocean that will offer a unique home to the aquatic life. The types of life found within Ocean biome The Ocean holds the largest Earths biomes that covers about 70% of the Earths surface. Not to mention the life found in the Ocean is diverse. In addition the smallest creatures that call the Ocean home are so tiny (microscopic) that they could only be seen with a microscope. The largest creatures the Blue Wales are 34 meters and 110 feet long. As some of the animals travel through far distance I the Oceans waters. As the other animals stay in the same location on the Ocean floors their entire lives. Additionally some stay beneath the sand while the others float near the surface. As a matter of fact the Ocean not the same place everywhere. Many of the different ecosystems within the Ocean depend on the waters temperatures, amount of sunlight received through water, and amount of nutrients. The sunlight breaks through the top layer of the Ocean waters as deep as 200 meters and 656 feet. The Marine life is about 90% live within the top the sunlight layer of the Ocean. In fact the Phytoplankton, algae, and plants like the Seagrass that make their own food through processes like photosynthesis and from their on the Marine food chain starts and continues its process. Not to mention the temperatures of the Ocean waters varies depending on the location. Water near the Polar regions are colder than the water near the Ocean surface. Many of the animals and the other organisms only have survived on certain temperatures throughout the Ocean. As others are able to survive at ranges of temperatures and live in more locations throughout the Ocean.
Average temperatures and rainfall of the Ocean
The Marine biome is mostly varied. This largest biome of the world has the climate vary from 40 degrees Fahrenheit to 100 degrees higher. The average temperatures is 39 degrees Fahrenheit. As the water gets warmer near the equator the direct rays of the sun faces the water the warmer the Ocean gets. The coldest is in the North and South Pole waters because it's closer to freezing temperatures but there may not be frozen glaciers. The deeper the Ocean is the colder the waters will become because the sunlight isn't directly facing the ocean sometimes. In addition the Weather of the Marine biome is so harsh due to the Ocean currents because the Ocean currents creates massive hurricanes and typhoons. Another role that occurs in the Marine biome is wind that's over the Ocean large waves. To point out the large Ocean water cycles rain faster due to biome made of a large body of water. The yearly average rainfall precipitation adds up to about 100 inches. As the climate can be extreme at times their will be little effects on life forms that have adapted to the Ocean. Also the life forms use current as the forms of transportation available like for example plants have adapted to the deep places in the Ocean that have large areas that the sunlight doesn't reach. As a matter of fact the life forms in the Ocean have adapted to the climate that doesn't effect them in any sort of way. Parts of the World where the Ocean Biome is found
The Ocean can be divided into three different zones that are distinguished on the amount of sunlight received. As some of the animals live in the Semi-dark parts of the Ocean known as the twilight zone the makes own light through a process called bioluminescence. In fact 90% of the Ocean is dark and receives not sunlight is known as the midnight zone. As the temperatures of the Ocean current of the Canada Coast is blow 32 degrees Fahrenheit. The Gulf Stream the Oceans current that originates the Gulf of Mexico and lies east further then the labrader the current of the western boundary is very warm. As a matter of fact the Golf Stream is located along the eastern coast of the United States and begins along the eastern coast of Florida that's fed by Antillus current and the Golf Stream follows coastline up the Newfoundland in Canada that crosses the Atlantic and heads towards Northern Europe. In a matter of fact the average temperatures in Canada that'll vary by the seasons and area within the highest temperatures in July when the Toronto hits the average high of about 81% degrees Fahrenheit. The temperatures of the coldest month will be in January and February. Like I said in the beginning of the research the Ocean is only located with the five Ocean biomes which are the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean. The images are
The Temperatures
The Oceans Locations
Energy Pyramid ^Teriarty Consumer: The Octopuses live in the Ocean due to their need for salt water. The Octopuses have been found in many different locations in the Ocean. The most common area for the Octopuses are along the coral reefs to create dens to live in and could be undetected in the Oceans waters as they find small crevices and hide under the rocks to blend Into their surroundings. Not to mention the Octopuses live for a small period of time so soon they relate to a new location to live in every 10 to 14 days as many are found in bottles, rubbish, and ect... At the bottom of the Ocean floors. In fact the Octopuses live in different temperatures and adapt to different areas of the Ocean waters as various species have been able to survive millions of years. ^Secondary Consumers: The Spider carbs have several types troughout the Ocean like the Japanese spider crab one of the largest with leg spans that reach 13ft. Other spider crabs are in groups of portly spider crabs, greater spider crabs, and European spider. The Japan. The Spider Crabs habitat are mostly the sandy bottoms of the continental shelf which its average depths are 150 to 300 meters. The land the Spider Crabs live in most of the time are in shall, warmer waters, and they'll migrate deeper in waters as they age. ^Primary Consumers: Ridgeia Tubeworm are Piscesae of an ecosystem that's structuring organisms in the hydrothermal vent environment in the Northeast Pacific. The way to physically explain a Ridgeia Tubeworm is by their long skinny and the Piscesae main endeavor segment was membered for 3 years to collected by a device that is manipulected research vehicle. The growth rates where determined by staining the exterior of a tube and measuring the new deposited tube sections. In fact the average growth rate was very low 3.2mm in a half year. As some damaged the prediction was that some survived on exposure to the vent flow with low mortally coupled with sullide. ^Primary Producers: The microbial are diverse and litterialy cover the planet which was estimated around 100,000,000 times more microbial cells. Microbials live in parts of the biosphere of liquid, soil, hot springs, ocean floors, lakes, deserts, and etc...this impacts there entire biosphere also of microbial metabolic processes nitrogen fixation, methane metabolism, and sulfur metabolic all leads to the global biogeochemical cycle. In a matter of fact the ecosystem reflects their tremendous biological diversity. The very important zone is home where light cannot approach where photosynthesis cannot be the basic means to collect energy. The food web throughout the world has the same basic tophic levels. Many types of species that make each level vary greatly between different areas and ecosystems. Producers are described as autotrophic which are making their own food like producers on land, marine environment that converts energy from the sun into the food energy through Photosynthesis and Phytoplankton are most abundant and widespread producers in the environment Marine. Many other producers include seaweed(macroalgae) and sea grass(flowering plant). ^Small plants: seaweed(macroalgae), seagrass(flowering plant found in Marine Environment). *Important Note: All animals living in the Ocean would eventually die. No more Phytoplankton, no more zoophytoplankton, no more fish and less whales, no Marine ecosystem, no more carbon fixation in the Ocean that'll increase one third of accumulation of Co2 in the atmosphere, no more oxygen productions which will only the bacteria can survive and decrease 40% in global oxygen productions on Earth.
Octopus
Spidercrabs
Ridgeia tubeworms
Microbes
Symbiotic Relationships Parasitism is all organisms that benefits and the other is harmed in some way. The Parasitism is a nonmutaul symbiotic relationship between species. Like the parasites benefit at the expense of the other. As the organism is visible to the naked eye of macro parasite(helminths). Not to mention the parasites could be microparasites that are smaller then protocoal viruses and bacteria. For example parasites include plants, plants include plants misletoe, euscuta, and animals like hookworms, tapeworms, fleas, and barnacles. Tapeworms are flatworms that attach themselves to the inside of intestine of an animal like cow, pigs, and humans. The way to get food is by eating the host partly for nutrients. Commensalism is where one organism benefits and the other is relatively unaffected. Not to mention commensalism is a class of relationships between two organisms where one organism benefits from the other with out affecting it. Contrast with mutualism of both organism benefit each other. Amensalism isn't where one is harmed while the other is unaffected. Parasitism is where one benefits and the other is harmed. Relations between individuals of two species and one species obtains food or the other benefits without harm. In fact the commensal (species who benefit the association)that obtains nutrients, shelter, support, and are all unaffected. Also commensal relations are often between large host and smaller commensal hosts. Mutualism is where both organisms benefit from their interaction. As two organisms of individual benefit. Mutualism is contrasted with interspecific competition of each species experienced reduced fitness, exploitation, and parasitism benefits at a expense of the other. In fact as symbiosis of two species living close proximity and include relationships that are mutualistic, parasitic, and commensal, symbiotic relationships of sometimes but not always mutualistic. For example ungulates benefits cellulose, bacteria, nutrients, and intestines. Keystone Species are organisms that have a disproportionately large affect on the ecosystem. Not to mention the role the species plays its ecosystem. under the least pressure the stones arch still collapse with out it. It may experience dramatic shifts like being removed. For example the Pisaster Ochraccus, star fish, mylitus californianus, mussel as a primary example in a way.
Parasitism
Commensalism
Mutualism
Human Impact
All through human existence "we" relied on the Ocean where most of the time it would be relied on for food, a waste dump, recreation, economic opportunities. As the Marine environment only effect life in the ocean but mostly the things we do on land. More than half the world populations living 100 kilometers of the coast. As human impacts increased with rapid population growth, substantial development in technology, and significant land changes of use. Over fishing pollution and introduces the species that are effecting the ocean and the sea. Like New Zealand is no exception. Humans living near the ocean coast use the ocean as a source of food. Bot if the equipment if fishing advances, larger ships,new technology trackers, and the fish stocks have reduced significantly. In fact the fish stocks are fully and over exploited. As reducing the fish stocks are unsustainable fishing practice that'll have a negative impact on the Marine environment. For example the fishing techniques such as dreading and trawling causes wide speads that damage to the Marine habit and organisms (known as bycatch) are discarded. Humanity has seen the infinite sources of food, boundless sink for pollutants, and tircless sustainers of the coastal habitat. Scientists have evidence of rapidly accelerated declines in an abundant of population of cod, had docks, flounders, fish species, mollucks, crustacean birds, and plants. Alarmed of rapid rates of destruction of the coral reef, estruarics, wetlands, and sinister expansion of the vast "dead zones". The waters of life would have been choked away. As the harmed marine biodiversity traced but not to natural events to inadequate policies as bad enough as a ecological problem. The solution: To reduce the impact of human activity the needs that need to happen globally for change to occur it the earths ecosystem has been significantly transforms through out the human activity. Changes rapidly the past 50 years and most of today's changes are developing through out many countries. As the ecosystem is effected mostly by large scale fishing, freshwater use, and agriculture. As you may know the ecosystem depends on the environmental cycle of circulation continuously by water, carbon dioxide, and other nutrients. The past years the freshwater use, carbon dioxide emissions, and fertilizer use have increased. The degradation of the ecosystem needs to meet increasing demands for the service of a major challenge like changes in policies decreasion. As many positive actions would bring long term benefits for the ecosystem and human well being. The small changes people can make at a local level to reduce the impact of human activity would be the increase internationalism coordination, develop and diffusing technology, improve the use of imformation meets so the increasing demands for service challenge could be met in a way of policies institutiom and practice.